Thyroid disorders are the second commonest group of endocrine problems after diabetes. Thyroid gland produces mainly thyroxin, an essential hormone which controls the rate of metabolism of the body.

Hyperthyroidism

When gland produces too much thyroxin, it is called hyperthyroidism. It is often due to an autoimmune reaction to unknown agent resulting in formation of auto-antibodies which cause over-stimulation of the thyroid gland. Some family members may be similarly affected. Symptoms are usually that of hyper excitability – nervousness, palpitation , tremors, diarrhea and insomnia and hyper metabolic rate – feeling warm, sweating, voracious appetite and weight loss. Sometimes it is associated eye problem causing redness, tearing, swelling of eyes and double vision. The condition is called Graves’ Ophthalmopathy. Referral to the eye specialist may be necessary for symptomatic treatment and to avoid blindness.

Hypothyroidism

This is due to inadequate production of thyroxin and symptoms are opposite to                hyperthyroidism, such as cold intolerance, lethargy, leg cramp, dry skin, constipation and weight gain. Usually the cause is due to radio-iodine treatment which is given as a form of  ablative treatment for hyperthyroidism after failing a course of medical treatment.

• Low Male Hormone

• High and low Growth Hormone level

• Pituitary and Adrenal disorders

• Calcium disorders

• Osteoporosis